Glycerol, CH 2OHCHOHCH 2OH, is viscous partly because of the length of the chain but also because of the extensive possibilities for hydrogen bonding between the molecules. Fuel oil, lubricating grease, and other long-chain alkane molecules are quite viscous for this reason. This is because the molecular chains get tangled up in each other like spaghetti-in order for the liquid to flow, the molecules must first unravel. Liquids containing long molecules are invariably very viscous. Honey, mostly glucose and fructose (see image below) is a good example of a liquid which owes its viscosity to hydrogen bonding. Liquids whose molecules are polar or can form hydrogen bonds are usually more viscous than similar nonpolar substances. Viscosity is governed by the strength of intermolecular forces and especially by the shapes of the molecules of a liquid. Those like ether or gasoline which flow very readily have low viscosities. Liquids which flow very slowly, like glycerin or honey, have high viscosities. The resistance to such flow is called the viscosity. To learn more about all of the liquid fillers manufactured by Liquid Packaging Solutions, visit the Filling Machinery section of the LPS website.\)īecause its molecules can slide around each other, a liquid has the ability to flow. Both pump and piston filling machines are available in semi-automatic and automatic models, allowing packagers big and small to reap the benefits of these machines. Very thick products, such as pastes and putties, may be more suited to a piston filler. Chemical resistant pumps may be used for harsh products, making a pump filler the ideal choice. While both machines can handle thick products, other considerations, such as the particulates mentioned above, will typically make one machine preferable to the other when dealing with high viscosity products. This machine also works well with products that contain large particulates such as some sauces and dressings, as the open space of the cylinder allows such solids to pass through. Given that the volume of the cylinder will not change, the piston filling machine provides a highly accurate volumetric fill. The size of the bottles being filled will determine the size of the piston used, though more than one bottle size can be accommodated by a single piston. Once filled, the piston returns to the cylinder to eject the liquid. As the piston retracts, product fills the cylinder. Piston fillers work in a slightly different manner, using a cylinder and piston to push product in to waiting bottles or containers. This principle of filling can allow for slightly better volumetric accuracy over a time based fill. For example, with a gear pump, a pulse may consist of an entire turn of the gear, or something less, like a half turn. Pulse based fills will depend on the type of pump being used as well. Time based fills are more or less self-explanatory, allowing product to be pumped into containers for a set amount of time, with each fill head individually adjustable for more accurate fills. Pump fillers can be manufactured to fill based on both time and pulse. The type of pump used for each project will depend on a number of different factors, with the product itself always being one major factor. Pump fillers, as the descriptive name implies, will use a pump to assist the product through the pathway and in to the waiting bottles or other containers. When thick products are in play, a majority of the solutions will come from one of two filling machines, either a pump filler or a piston filler. First, these products flow slower, which can present challenges with speed, but they also tend to need some extra assistance when traveling from tank to bottle. While free flowing liquids such as water and other beverages can still present packaging challenges in some circumstances, those challenges tend to intensify when dealing with a high viscosity product. The ability of a liquid to flow freely can have a great impact on the type of bottle filler used to package that product. Filling High Viscosity Products Filling High Viscosity Products
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